In addition to risk of vitamin B12, calcium, iron and magnesium malabsorption, there is evidence that acid suppression by PPIs increases risk of malabsorption of other important vitamins and minerals as well, including vitamin C, zinc and folic acid.[231- 235] Proton pump inhibitor therapy lowers the concentration of vitamin C in gastric juice and the proportion of the vitamin in its active antioxidant form i.e., ascorbic acid
Am J Clin Nutr 2021;114:1560-73
When men receive TRT, the body often suppresses its natural testosterone and sperm production, leading to potential issues like testicular shrinkage and infertility
Bariatric patients are at heightened risk of nutritional complications, and magnesium monitoring should be considered before and periodically during prolonged PPI therapy, or where risk factors are present (such as concurrent use of digoxin or diuretics)
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