In neutral and acidic environments, curcumin has poor water solubility due to hydroxyl group protonation
Serious complications like severe dehydration, bloody stools, or persistent abdominal pain require immediate medical attention and should be reported to an emergency provider or urgent care facility
In contrast, parenteral administration, which includes intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous injections, stands out because it bypasses first-pass hepatic metabolism, providing nearly complete bioavailability of the active substance
Chen GQ, Benthani FA, Wu J, Liang D, Bian ZX, Jiang X
These criteria were established to ensure the sample consisted of physically and physiologically similar athletes enough to provide valid insights into the effects of supplementation on performance in a specific sports context