Neural Regen Res 20(3):613631 Singh D, Khan MA, Akhtar K, Arjmand F, Siddique HR (2022) Apigenin alleviates cancer drug Sorafenib induced multiple toxic effects in Swiss albino mice via anti-oxidative stress
( Figure 2 ( Figure 2 2 Microbiota-gut-brain axis and depression The MGB axis concept has arisen in the psychiatric field, as to how microbiome contributes to human homeostasis ( 14 microbe cells, which comprise the microbiota ( Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes ( Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria , and Verrucomicrobia are found in comparatively small amounts ( Bacteroidetes / Firmicutes ratio, which is considered an improvement of the genus Bacteroides and a depletion of the genus Blautia , Faecalibacterium , and Coprococcus ( Eggerthella levels were consistently higher and Sutterella levels were consistently lower in people with MDD ( Figure 3 ( Figure 3 Moreover, increased systematic translocation of intestinal metabolites, bacterial particulates, or even microbiota through the damaged intestinal tract (the leaky gut) heightens systemic inflammatory reactions such as Th17/Treg disorder, interleukin-6, IL-1, and tumor necrosis factors alpha that are being implicated in the etiology of depression
Post-translational protein lactylation modification in health and diseases: a double-edged sword
One important note on CGA: The major CGA compounds present in coffee are absorbed and/or metabolized in humans at different rates and quantities, with a large inter-individual variation
doi: 10.1023/B:VERC.0000046740.59694.5d
