10.1016/S0006-2952(97)00672-2
Peptides in general are short chains of amino acids that form the building blocks of protein
This can be accomplished through the utilization of various pharmacological agents, such as DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and metformin (106)
The excessive infiltration of SMs into synovia causes articular immune dysfunction, accelerates the progression of synovitis, and leads to osteoclast activation and ultimate bone erosion and joint destruction 7,8
The relationship between growth hormone, aging, and optimal function continues to be an active area of investigationwith both promise and important cautions