StAR, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, and CYP11A1, cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1, are markers for Leydig cells, while 3-HSD, 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, is a key enzyme in testosterone synthesis
Increasing advancements in biocompatible polymers such as hyaluronic acid, chitosan, and carbomers are improving drug retention and therapeutic efficacy
Intranasal delivery through the nose-to-brain pathway could theoretically decouple these effects
Vitamin B12 Deficiency While the human body does not naturally produce vitamin B12, many people obtain sufficient amounts from dietary sources like fish, meat, poultry, eggs, and dairy products
Targeting Interleukin-15 in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Proof-of-Concept Study