On one hand, the cardiovascular protection afforded by SGLT2is seems to result from their beneficial hemodynamic effects, including improvement in ventricular preload (secondary to natriuresis and osmotic diuresis) and afterload (through blood pressure reduction), but also from improvement of cardiac metabolism (through the switch from utilization of glucose to ketones), inhibition of the myocardial Na + /H + exchanger, reduction of cardiac fibrosis and necrosis, reduction of proinflammatory adipokines derived from epicardial and perivascular fat, and stimulation of erythropoiesis (which can facilitate the release of oxygen to ischemic tissues) [1, 4, 14,15,16]
This dual effect helps regulate blood glucose levels without causing significant hypoglycemia, as the insulin response diminishes when blood sugar normalizes
Suppression of neuro inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by glia maturation factor antibody
doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA120.016019 40 RathS.HeidrichB.PieperD
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