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Low levels of carnitine in the body may indicate a deficiency, which can be caused by a genetic disorder affecting carnitine uptake or by certain medications or underlying conditions
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GLP-1 GLP-1 , 2 (T2DM) .213,214,215 GLP-1 T2DM GLP-1 - - T2DM .132,216,217 GLP-1 .3 - .130,218 GLP-1 (GLP-1R) cAMP (CREB) .3,130,219 GLP-1 cAMP PKA EPAC .1,220 PKA , , .178,180 PI3K/GLP-1 Akt - .221,222 Akt Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) 2 (GLUT2) - .223,224 GLP-1 - , .131,225 GLP-1 - .131 GLP-1 , .131,226 GLP-1 - cAMP .227 - cAMP .228 cAMP PKA - K-ATP .228,229 ATP/ADP .229 , PKA K-ATP .230,231 K-ATP GLP-1 - .232,233 GLP-1 -
some patients reach therapeutic benefit at lower doses, while others advance to the full 2.4 mg maintenance dose