(PubMed) Hui Y, Tu C, Liu D, Zhang H, Gong X
Gastrointestinal Symptoms A B12 deficiency may cause symptoms such as bloating, gas, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, decreased appetite, and weight loss
pylori infection chronic excess alcohol use pancreatic insufficiency intestinal bacterial overgrowth Gastrectomy/ bariatric surgery and gastritis Causes of food cobalamin malabsorption can be directly related with the stomach: Bariatric surgery it can depend on the type of procedure and what area of the stomach or intestines are removed Gastrectomy removal of part or all of the stomach Gastritis inflammation of the stomach lining Gastrectomy, bariatric surgery, and gastritis cause vitamin B12 deficiency due to an absence of stomach acids that help to remove vitamin B12 from food proteins, for example red meat
It is an intracellular metabolic-enzyme modulator, which is why its research read-outs are things like NAD+ levels and adipocyte gene expression, not how full you feel. That mechanistic distinction is the single most important thing to understand before looking at any dose number
It is auto-immune as is PA as you will know and symptoms can and do overlap
