doi: 10.7759/cureus.47173
Arbutin (AR), hydroquinone (HQ), benzoic acid (BA), gallic acid (GA), vanillic acid (VA), ellagic acid (EA), vanillin (VL), rosmarinic acid (RA), caffeic acid (CA), syringic acid (SA), (+)-catechin hydrate (CH), (-)-epicatechin (EC), quercetin (QU), p -coumaric acid (PCA), trans -cinnamic acid (TCA), trans -ferulic acid (FA), rutin hydrate (RH), myricetin (MC), and kaempferol (KF) were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (St
Non-invasive access to the Vagus nerve central projections via electrical stimulation of the external ear: fMRI evidence in humans
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This suggests an extremely wide safety margin, at least in animal models