05/26/12 - Guide published
Lipoic acid might be able to increase glutathione synthesis in aged rats by up-regulating the expression of -glutamylcysteine ligase (-GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis (31), and by increasing cellular uptake of cysteine, an amino acid required for glutathione synthesis (32)
Studies on mice models showed that a high-fat diet correlates with decreased GLP-1 production, reduced GLP-1 receptor sensitivity, impaired ghrelin secretion, and sensitivity, thus determining a diet-induced low-grade organ-specific and systemic inflammation [28]
The total human evidence base, as of this writing, consists of the following: 1) a Phase I safety trial of 42 healthy volunteers that was registered in 2015, canceled in 2016, and never published, 2) a retrospective case series of 12 patients with knee pain, no control group, and no validated outcome measure, and 3) a 2025 pilot safety study involving two healthy adults who received intravenous infusions at a single private clinic in Florida
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