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Bjurlin and colleagues also characterized three potential flavoring compounds that showed higher levels in e-cigarette users than in smokers and controls: ethyl levulinate, delta-decalactone, and gamma-heptalactone: In addition, e-cigarette users had the highest urinary level of diethylphthalate among the three groups, while smokers also showed elevated exposure in their urine: With regards to the presence of carcinogens and cancer-related biomarkers, they found that Me-Fapy (the monitoring of which may imply the level of alkylating DNA damage) showed a significant elevated in the urine samples of smokers compared to control, whereas for e-cigarette users there was a weak statistical trend
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Dunbar, the study's lead author and a behavioral scientist at RAND, a nonprofit research organization
Additionally, cigarette smoke has been linked to many severe diseases like heart disease and cancer and an increased risk for gum disease and tooth decay due to toxins released during combustion.
