Causes Alcohol abuse (most common in adults) Genetic mutations (PRSS1, SPINK1, CFTR) Smoking Autoimmune pancreatitis Obstructive causes (strictures, tumors) Idiopathic (unknown) Symptoms Persistent/recurrent upper abdominal pain (radiates to back) Indigestion, bloating, diarrhea Steatorrhea (oily, foul-smelling stools) Unexplained weight loss Diabetes in later stages Diagnosis CT, MRI, MRCP: Show scarring, duct dilation, calcifications Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS): Detects early fibrosis Stool elastase test: Measures enzyme deficiency Blood sugar tests: Screen for diabetes Treatment There is no cure, but management includes: No alcohol, no smoking Pancreatic enzyme supplements (PERT) Pain management (medications, nerve blocks, surgery) Nutritional support (high-protein, low-fat diet, vitamins) Diabetes management (insulin or oral agents) Complications Severe malnutrition Osteoporosis Chronic pain and opioid dependence Pancreatic cancer risk Takeaway Chronic pancreatitis is lifelong, but with the right care, many patients live well
In many countries, cigarettes are subject to taxes, which are used to fund public health programs and anti-smoking campaigns
Cigarettes have been attested in Central America around the 9th century in the form of reeds and smoking tubes
The actor held a cup of beer while a cigarette hung out of his mouth
On July 6, 2017, the Illinois General Assembly voted to override then-Gov
