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Lozano P, Barrientos-Gutierrez I, Arillo-Santillan E, et al
A 2022 review affirmed that this statistic remained "broadly accurate, at least over short-term and medium-term periods", but emphasised that "this does not mean vaping is risk-free", especially for those who have never smoked
Other states have enacted taxes, such as Ohio, which has an excise tax of $0.01 per vapor volume, and New York, which has a tax of 20 percent on the retail price of all vapor products
Study settings Study settings include a smoking cessation treatment clinic at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) in Toronto, Canada, and a smoking cessation treatment clinic at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute (UOHI) in Ottawa, Canada