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Smoking status, cadmium, and chronic kidney disease
Additionally, some people may be more sensitive to the effects of nicotine if they have not been exposed to high levels previously, this is apparent in those who start vaping without having been smoking first
[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 97.Huang C.G., Lee L.A., Wu Y.C., Hsiao M.J., Horng J.T., Kuo R.L., Huang C.H., Lin Y.C., Tsao K.C., Chen M.C., et al
Smoking significantly increases your risk of developing gum disease, makes it worse, and makes it harder to treat
Most of this burden (~75%) is in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), and while smoking rates are declining in most countries, the overall burden is expected to remain constant or increase as populations grow
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