Some studies from the 1990s found that when people stop smoking, depressive symptoms such as suicidal tendencies or actual depression may result, [199] [218] although a recent international study comparing smokers who had stopped for 3 months with continuing smokers found that stopping smoking did not appear to increase anxiety or depression
population, 105,000 12- to 21- year olds appear to have smoked their first cigarette because of the influence of e-cigarette advertising, says John Pierce, a behavioral epidemiologist at the University of California, San Diego
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Figures from public health charity Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) showed that, between 2012 and 2014, the number of e-cig users rose from 700,000 to 2.1 million, equating to a three-fold increase
American Psychiatric Association (2022) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed, text rev.)