Nearly 60 percent of the U.S
Notably, tobacco carcinogen exposure led to significant changes in the gut and lung microbiomes, particularly in species like Odoribacter , Alistipes , Akkermansia , and Ruminococcus , which correlated with LUAD development and immunotherapeutic response
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Youth tobacco use remains a significant public health challenge, with millions of adolescents experimenting with or regularly using tobacco products, including e-cigarettes