Reduces homocysteine: if too concentrated in the blood, the amino acid homocysteine may contribute to chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease
However, Ca 2+ overload (induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines) inhibits these flippases and activates scramblases, resulting in PS exposure on the cell surface (Lanser et al., 2021)
This is particularly effective for bow or heart-shaped lips
No foam (a few tiny bubbles on the surface are acceptable and will dissipate)
However, the clinical benefit of this modality has still been limited due to several defects such as adverse events, acquired drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and lack of validated biomarkers, which impel further research on mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis, the development of multiple drugs and the combination therapy to figure out how to improve the therapeutic efficacy