smoking during pregnancy causes increased risks of orofacial clefts, premature rupture of membranes, placenta previa, placental abruption, ectopic pregnancy, fetal growth restriction and low birth weight, stillbirth, preterm delivery and shortened gestation, neonatal death, sudden infant death syndrome and reduction of lung function in infants
The demographic information of the study participants was documented
Treatment measures range from different campaigns to medications all aimed at helping people quit tobacco use, including NRT gum, nasal sprays, and patches (Truth Initiative, 2022)
A second meta-analysis found a similar increase in bladder cancer risk for male and female smokers, but a higher risk in European compared with Asian populations
It measures approximately 4 1/4 inches by 3 inches