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This weakened response makes it harder for the immune system to protect the body from everyday health threats

The underlying mechanisms may include effects on energy expenditure, appetite, reward thresholds, and behaviors [9, 10]

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But if pack inserts become easy-to-ignore harm slogans, rather than a practical nudge in the right direction for tobacco users, that 2030 goal could go up in smoke.

The respiratory microbiota affects the innate immune response in the lungs, and these play a critical role in maintaining respiratory health and fighting infections [82]