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Antagonism of rat -cell voltage-dependent K+ currents by exendin 4 requires dual activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathways

Sep 2019;9(3):198-203

Thus, increased circulating GLP-1 is invariably reported after bariatric surgery [[211], [212], [213], [214], [215], [216]] and after surgical repositioning of the distal gut (so-called ileal interposition), both of which rapidly expose the L-cells to incoming incompletely digested nutrients [144]

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr

LPS are important regulators of these diseases, as long-term LPS administration to mice has induced weight gain, insulin resistance, and increased intestinal permeability (113)